The Pantheon is the best-preserved monument from ancient Rome. Emperor Hadrian rebuilt it around AD 126, replacing an earlier temple. Its unreinforced concrete dome remained the world’s largest for more than a millennium. The oculus, an 8.2 m opening, reduces the weight of the structure, ventilates the interior and forms a symbolic link to the heavens. A shaft of sunlight moves across the floor like a sundial; when it rains, water drains through hidden holes.
Visiting tips
- Free entry: As of now, entrance is free (though this may change); expect lines but they move quickly.
- Go early or late: Visit early morning or late afternoon for calmer atmosphere and dramatic light through the oculus.
- Respect the space: The Pantheon is still a church; dress appropriately and keep voices low.
Give the Pantheon more than a quick photo stop. Ten quiet minutes inside tell you more than another lap around the piazza.