Rome’s catacombs are subterranean cemeteries carved by Christians and Jews from the 2nd to 5th century. Burials were forbidden inside the city walls, so communities excavated miles of tunnels just beyond them. Bodies were wrapped in cloth and placed in niches sealed with clay or marble, often inscribed with names and symbols. More than 60 catacombs exist, but only five are open to the public:
- San Sebastiano: About 12 km long; open Mon-Sat 9:00-12:00 & 14:00-17:00.
- San Callisto: Over 20 km; burial place of 16 popes; open Thurs-Tue.
- Priscilla: Known for early fresco of the Virgin Mary; open Tue-Sun.
- Domitilla: 15 km; discovered in 1593; open Wed-Mon.
- Sant’Agnese: Resting place of saint Agnes; open daily except Sun morning and Mon afternoon.
Tours guide you through damp, dim corridors lined with small niches; the high infant mortality of antiquity means there are many child burials. Bring a jacket and respect the solemn atmosphere.
Bring a light layer and choose a guided visit. The tunnels are cool, dim, and far more meaningful when the symbols and burial customs are explained.